The Mingo Salamander, so called for having been tried in the fire and found vaunting.

Takææ'ëë'shö'ö

Chickens

1.Marlene Corn ökhiyö'sé.
Marlene Corn came to visit us.

2. Cornstalk ki'shë' yeyasônö' ti'kwá.
Maybe her name used to be Cornstalk, I don't know.

3."Unëhtsi tkökênö'", u'ki'.
"I haven't seen you for a long time", I said.

4. Ne' n-í' aknyææ'sé', ne' swënöhtö'.
We're cousins, you know.

5. Hunötekhwëötke wa'akwatekhönyánö' u'tyakwatôt.
We went out to eat together.

6. Ne' ne kunöhkwa' wa'ákwe'.
Her husband was with us.

7. Waathyúwi' ne' takææ'ëë' së níyô niyuhsinöyêtö'.
He told about the three-legged chicken.

8. Ka'sehta'ke thsiuhtëtyöötye', waatyëëkwa si akyé huikê takææ'ëë' ne' katakhe' wathaaktátye'.
He was going along in the car when he all of a sudden saw this chicken running along the road.

9. Ne' ne takææ'ëë' usnúwe' wa'etakhe' niyu'tê uhtêtyô ne ka'sehta'.
The chicken was running as fast as the car was going.

10. Akyé usnúwe' ne' së'ë ne së níyô niyuhsinöyêtö'.
It could really go fast because it had three legs.

11. Wausnúwë, ta unë wa'usnúwë khu ne takâ'ê'.
He speeded up, and the chicken speeded up too.

12. Ne' ne hekákôt skatkwáti hu'we' ne' heôwe këtáyë'.
Finally it turned left where there was a farm.

13. Waánôtë'.
He followed it.

14. "U'sékë' ne takææ'ëë' ne' së niyuhsinöyêtö' nekhu katakhe'?" waöwöyaôtô' ne hayêthwas.
"Did you see a three-legged chicken running here?" he asked the farmer.

15. "Ê'," thusnye'ö. "Wésu' nekhu huikê tkanôke'. Ukwényô wésu' aakhwistáku' hunötekhwëötke aakhnínö'."
"Yes," he said. "We've got a lot of them around here. I might make a bundle of money selling them to restaurants."

16. "Ne' n-únë wésu' u'snínö'?"
"Have you sold many already?"

17. "Hë'ë, thsiyáe' tkákôt ëhséku'".
"No, have to catch it first."

18. "Ne'hu wai ne' shô kakáa'", u'ki'.
"That's just a story," I said.

19. Hwa'ákwé' huôwe Cory thunöhsút khu ne yekëhtsi.
I went over to Cory's place along with the wife.

20. Hatinyusyút n-aste hënukëyös khu awëtu'keá'.
They were sitting on the porch shelling peas.

21. "Tewakatênôt ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö aayakwáku'," waë'.
"I wish we could get chicken heads," he said.

22. "Ukwenyônö' kës aeswaku' ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö he thënö'wëthwas."
"It used to be you could get chicken heads at the slaughterhouse."

23. "Ne' n-únë ta'aö te'ëhséku'."
"You can't get any now though."

24. "Ne' n-únë hatikhwasyôni ne tsíyæ ëhsnôt."
"They make dog food out of it."

25. "Unëhtsi thsikökwe'tásé' akwáninöskwa' ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö akwa'yuak."
"Long ago when I was a young man we used to buy chicken heads and make soup out of them."

26. Ne' wai nê uka'ö."
"That sure was good."

27. "Akyé," wa'ákë'. "Te'wêtö ne'hu thaakekhôni."
"Oh," she said. "I would never eat that."

28. Wauiwanëêku' ne Cory.
Cory was surprised.

29. "Ne'hu niseskwa'," waë'.
"Well, you used to," he said.

30. Ne' n-únë wai kúyô ne höwötiehahse wa'ákë' khu, "Ëswánekeæ' ahsö' ha'kwistë' ëkí ëswák?
Just then the waitress came and said, "Do you want anything else to eat or drink?"

31. "Kanö'ëëyëtánö' ne takææ'ëë'?" u'ki'.
"Do you have any chicken heads?" I said.


Glossary

1.Marlene Corn ökhiyö'sé.
Marlene Corn came to visit us.

ökhiyö'sé -- she visited us
ökhi- Fs/1dp/C prefix, -yö'se- visit someone [Basic Stative]

2.Cornstalk ki'shë' yeyasônö' ti'kwá.
Maybe her name used to be Cornstalk, I don't know.

ki'shë' -- maybe, perhaps
yeyasônö' -- she used to be called
ye- FsA/C prefix, -yas- be called [Stative Past].
ti'kwá -- I dunno

3."Unëhtsi tkökênö'", u'ki'.
"I haven't seen you for a long time", I said.

unëhtsi -- long ago
únë now, at this time, -htsi Intensifier suffix. Note that the first vowel is shortened.
tkökênö' -- I had seen you there/then
t- Cislocative prefix, -kö- 1s/2s/X prefix, -kë- see [Stative Past].
u'ki' -- I said
u'- Factual prefix, -k- 1sA/I prefix, -ë- say [Simple Factual]. Note that the verb base -ë- say takes the irregular Simple stem form -i'.

4. Ne' n-í' aknyææ'sé', ne' swënöhtö'.
We're cousins, you know.

ne' -- [sentential particle]
n-í' -- we, us
aknyææ'sé' -- the two of us (excl) are cousins
ne' -- [sentential particle]
swënöhtö' -- y'all know
sw- 2pP/Ë prefix, -ënöhtö- know something [Basic Stative].

5. Hunötekhwëötke wa'akwatekhönyánö' u'tyakwatôt.
We went out to eat together.

hunötekhwëötke -- restaurant
wa'akwatekhönyánö' -- we went to eat
wa'- Factual prefix, -akw- EpA/A prefix, -atekhöny- have a meal [Dislocative Simple Factual].
u'tyakwatôt -- we ate together
u'- Factual prefix, -t- Dualic prefix, -yakw- EpA/A prefix, te...atöt- eat together [Simple Factual].

6. Ne' ne kunöhkwa' wa'ákwe'.
Her husband was with us.

ne' -- [sentential particle]
ne kunöhkwa' -- her husband
ku- FsP/C prefix, -nöhkw- spouse, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix.
wa'ákwe' -- we went
wa'- Factual prefix, -akw- EpA/E prefix, -e- go [Factual Imperfective(?)].

7. Waathyúwi' ne' takææ'ëë' së níyô niyuhsinöyêtö'.
He told about the three-legged chicken.

waathyúwi' -- he told about it
wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/A prefix, -athyuwi- tell about something [Simple Factual].
ne' -- [sentential particle]
takææ'ëë' -- chicken
-- three (3)
níyô -- it is that many
ni- Partitive prefix, -y- NsA/Ö prefix, ni...ö- be a certain amount [Basic Stative].
niyuhsinöyêtö' -- how many legs it has
ni- Partitive prefix, -yu- NsP/X prefix, -hsin- leg, -ö- Linker Vowel, -yëtö- have several of something [Basic Stative].

8. Ka'sehta'ke thsiuhtëtyöötye', waatyëëkwa si akyé huikê takææ'ëë' ne' katakhe' wathaaktátye'.
He was going along in the car when he all of a sudden saw this chicken running along the road.

ka'sehta'ke -- in the car
ka- NsA/X prefix, -'seht- car, -a- Linker Vowel, -'- Basic Noun Suffix, - ke External Locative Suffix.
thsiuhtëtyöötye' -- as he was going along
thsi- Coincident prefix, -h[u]- MsP/A prefix, -ahtëty- go [Basic Progressive Imperfective]. Note that the -h- of the MsP/A prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.
waatyëëkwa -- he suddenly noticed
wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/A prefix, -atyëëkwa- [Simple Factual].
si -- ???
akyé -- wow
huikê -- this
takææ'ëë' -- chicken
ne' --[sentential particle]
katakhe' -- it is running
ka- NsA/C prefix, -takh- run [Basic Imperfective].
wathaaktátye' -- along the road
w- NsA/A prefix, -at- Middle prefix, -ha- road, -a- Linker Vowel, -kt- be next to something [Basic Progressive Imperfective].

9. Ne' ne takææ'ëë' usnúwe' wa'etakhe' niyu'tê uhtêtyô ne ka'sehta'.
The chicken was running as fast as the car was going.

ne' --[sentential particle]
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
usnúwe' -- it is fast
u- NsP/X prefix, -snuw- be fast [Basic Stative].
wa'etakhe' -- she was running
wa'- Factual prefix, -e- FsA/C prefix, -takh- run [Factual Imperfective].
niyu'tê -- it is of that kind
ni- Partitive prefix, -y- NsA/O prefix, ni...u'të- be of a certain kind or type [Basic Stative].
ne ka'sehta' -- the car
ka- NsA/X prefix, -'seht- car, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix.

10. Akyé usnúwe' ne' së'ë ne së níyô niyuhsinöyêtö'.
It could really go fast because it had three legs.

akyé -- wow, gosh
usnúwe' -- it is fast
u- NsP/X prefix, -snuw- be fast [Basic Stative].
ne' --[sentential particle]
së'ë -- because
ne së -- three (3)
níyô -- it is that many
ni- Partitive prefix, -y- NsA/Ö prefix, ni...ö- be a certain amount [Basic Stative].
niyuhsinöyêtö' -- how many legs it has
ni- Partitive prefix, -yu- NsP/X prefix, -hsin- leg, -ö- Linker Vowel, -yëtö- have several of something [Basic Stative].

11. Wausnúwë, ta unë wa'usnúwë khu ne takææ'ëë'.
He speeded up, and the chicken speeded up too.

wausnúwë -- he sped up
wa- Factual prefix, -hu- MsP/X prefix, -snuwë- speed up, accelerate [Simple Factual]. Note that the -h- of the MsP/X prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.
ta unë -- and then
wa'usnúwë -- it sped up
wa'- Factual prefix, -u- NsP/X prefix, -snuwë- speed up, accelerate [Simple Factual].
khu -- and, too
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken

12. Ne' ne hekákôt skatkwáti hu'we' ne' heôwe këtáyë'.
Finally it turned left where there was a farm.

ne' -- [sentential particle]
ne hekákôt -- it happened
he- Translocative prefix, -ka- NsA/X prefix, he...köt- something happens [Basic Stative]
skatkwáti -- the left (side)
hu'we' -- it went there
h- Translocative prefix, -u'- Factual prefix, -w- NsA/E prefix, -e- go [Factual Imperfective(?)].
ne' -- [sentential particle]
heôwe -- where, at that place
këtáyë' -- there is a farm
k[ë]- NsA/I prefix, -it- field, meadow, farm, -a- Linker Vowel, -yë- have, be [Basic Stative].

13. Waánôtë'.
He followed it.

waánôtë' -- he followed it
wa- Factual prefix, -há- MsA/L prefix, -nöt- follow something [Simple Factual].

14. "U'sékë' ne takææ'ëë' ne' së niyuhsinöyêtö' nekhu katakhe'?" waöwöyaôtô' ne hayêthwas.
"Did you see a three-legged chicken running here?" he asked the farmer.

u'sékë' -- you saw it
u'- Factual prefix, -se- 2sA/X prefix, -kë- see something [Simple Factual].
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
ne' -- [sentential particle]
-- three (3)
niyuhsinöyêtö' -- how many legs it has
ni- Partitive prefix, -yu- NsP/X prefix, -hsin- leg, -ö- Linker Vowel, -yëtö- have several of something [Basic Stative].
nekhu -- here
katakhe' -- it is running
ka- NsA/C prefix, -takh- run [Basic Imperfective].
waöwöyaôtô' -- he asked him
wa- Factual prefix, -höwöy- Ms/Ms/A prefix, -aötö- ask someone something [Simple Factual].
ne hayêthwas -- the farmer
ha- MsA/C prefix, -yëthw- plant something [Basic Habitual]

15. "Ê'," thusnye'ö. "Wésu' nekhu huikê tkanôke'. Ukwényô wésu' aakhwistáku' hunötekhwëötke aakhnínö'."
"Yes," he said. "We've got a lot of them around here. I might make a bundle of money selling them to restaurants."

ê' -- yes
thusnye'ö -- he said
t- Cislocative prefix, -hu- MsP/X prefix, t...snye'- say something [Basic Stative].
wésu' -- many, alot
nekhu -- here
huikê -- this
tkanôke' -- it lives there
t- Cislocative prefix, -ka- NsA/X prefix, -nök- live somewhere [Basic Stative].
ukwényô -- it is possible
u- NsP/X prefix, -kweny- something is possible [Basic Stative].
wésu' -- many, alot
aakhwistáku' -- I would make money
aa- Optative prefix, -kh- 1sA/L prefix, -wist- money, -a- Linker Vowel, -kw- collect, gather [Simple Optative].
hunötekhwëötke -- restaurant
aaknínö' -- I would sell it
aa- Optative prefix, -k- 1sA/X prefix, -ninö- sell something [Simple Optative].

16. "Ne' n-únë wésu' u'snínö'?"
"Have you sold many already?"

ne' -- [sentential particle]
n-únë -- now, already
wésu' -- many, alot
u'snínö' -- you sold it
u'- Factual prefix, -s- 2sA/L prefix, -ninö- sell something [Simple Factual].

17. "Hë'ë, thsiyáe' tkákôt ëhséku'".
"No, have to catch it first."

hë'ë -- no
thsiyáe' -- first of all
tkákôt -- ???
t- Cislocative prefix, -ka- NsA/X prefix, -köt- something happens [Basic Stative]
ëhséku' -- you will catch it
ë- Future prefix, -hse- 2sA/X prefix, -kw- collect, gather [Simple Future]

18. "Ne'hu wai ne' shô kakáa'", u'ki'.
"That's just a story," I said.

ne'hu wai ne' -- ???
shô -- just, only
kakáa' -- story
ka- NsA/X prefix, -ka- story, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix.
u'ki' -- I said
u'- Factual prefix, -k- 1sA/I prefix, -i- say something [Simple Factual].
19. Hwa'ákwé' huôwe Cory thunöhsút khu ne yekëhtsi.
I went over to Cory's place along with the wife.

hwa'ákwé' -- we all went there
h- Translocative prefix, -wa'- Factual prefix, -akw- EpA/E prefix, -e- go [Simple Directive Imperfective?].
huôwe -- where
thunöhsút -- his house is there
t- Cislocative prefix, -hu- MsP/C prefix, -nöhs- house, -ut- stand [Basic Stative].
khu -- and
ne yekëhtsi -- wife, old lady
ye- FsA/X prefix, -këhtsi- someone be old [Basic Stative].

20. Hatinyusyút n-aste hënukëyös khu awëtu'keá'.
They were sitting on the porch shelling peas.

hatinyusyút -- they are sitting
hati- MpA/X prefix, -nyusyut- be sitting [Basic Stative].
n-aste -- outside
hënukëyös -- they are shelling
hën- MpA/O prefix, -ukëy- shell something [Basic Habitual].
khu -- and
awëtu'keá' -- peas

21. "Tewakatênôt ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö aayakwáku'," waë'.
"I wish we could get chicken heads," he said.

tewakatênôt -- I wish that this would happen
te- Dualic prefix, -wak- 1sP/A prefix, te...atënöt- wish that something would happen [Basic Stative].
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
unö'ee'shö'ö -- (its) heads
u- NsP/C prefix, -nö'ë- head, -ë- Linker Vowel, -'- Basic Noun Suffix, - shö'ö Plural Number Suffix.
aayakwáku' -- we could get it
aa- Optative prefix, -yakwa- EpA/X prefix, -kw- gather, collect, get something [Simple Optative].
waë' -- he said
wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the -h- of the MsA/Ë prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.

22. "Ukwenyônö' kës aeswaku' ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö he thënö'wëthwas."
"It used to be you could get chicken heads at the slaughterhouse.

ukwenyônö' -- it was possible, used to be able to
u- NsP/X prefix -kweny- something be possible [Stative Past].
kës -- often, frequently
aeswaku' -- y'all could get it
ae- Optative prefix, -swa- 2pA/X prefix, -kw- gather, collect, get something [Simple Optative].
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
unö'ee'shö'ö -- (its) heads
u- NsP/C prefix, -nö'ë- head, -ë- Linker Vowel, -'- Basic Noun Suffix, - shö'ö Plural Number Suffix.
he -- where
thënö'wëthwas -- slaughterhouse
t- Cislocative prefix, -hën[ö]- MpA/A prefix, -a'wëthw- slaughter [Basic Habitual]. Literally, "they slaughter [animals] there".
23. "Ne' n-únë ta'aö te'ëhséku'."
"You can't get any now though."

ne' -- [sentential particle]
n-únë -- now
ta'aö -- it is not possible; impossible
te'ëhséku' -- you will not get it
te'- Negative prefix, -ë- Future prefix, -hse- 2sA/X prefix, -kw- gather, collect, get something [Simple Future w/ Negative].

24. "Ne' n-únë hatikhwasyôni ne tsíyæ ëhsnôt."
"They make dog food out of it."

ne' -- [sentential particle]
n-únë -- now
hatikhwasyôni -- they make food
hati- MpA/X prefix, -khw- food, -a- Linker Vowel, -syöny- make something [Basic Habitual].
ne tsíyæ -- dog
ëhsnôt -- you will feed it
ë- Future prefix, -hs- 2sA/C prefix, -nöt- feed someone [Simple Future].

25. "Unëhtsi thsikökwe'tásé' akwáninöskwa' ne takææ'ëë' unö'ëë'shö'ö akwa'yuak."
"Long ago when I was a young man we used to buy chicken heads and make soup out of them."

unëhtsi -- long ago
únë at that time, -htsi Intensifier suffix.
thsikökwe'tásé' -- when I was a young person
thsi- Coincident prefix, -k- 1sA/Ö prefix, -ökwe't+ person, -ase- be young, new [Basic Stative].
akwáninöskwa' -- we used to buy it
akwá- EpA/L prefix, -ninö- buy something [Habitual Past].
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
unö'ee'shö'ö -- (its) heads
u- NsP/C prefix, -nö'ë- head, -ë- Linker Vowel, -'- Basic Noun Suffix, - shö'ö Plural Number Suffix.
akwa'yuak -- we used to make soup??

26. Ne' wai nê uka'ö."
"That sure was good."

ne' wai nê -- for sure???
uka'ö -- it tastes good
u- NsP/X prefix, -ka'ö- something tastes good [Basic Stative].

27. "Akyé," wa'ákë'. "Te'wêtö ne'hu thaakekhôni."
"Oh," she said. "I would never eat that."

akyé -- gee, gosh, oh my
wa'ákë' -- she said
wa'- Factual prefix, -ak- FsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual].
te'wêtö -- never
te'- Negative prefix, wêtö when.
ne'hu -- thus, that (type of) thing
thaakekhôni -- I wouldn't have that to eat
th- Contrastive prefix, -aa- Optative prefix, -ke- 1sA/X prefix, -khôny- make food, have something to eat [Simple Optative].

28. Wauiwanëêku' ne Cory.
Cory was surprised.

wauiwanëêku' -- it surprised him
wa- Factual prefix, -hu- MsP/C prefix, -íwanëëkw- something surprises someone [Simple Factual]. Note that the -h- of the MsP/C prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.

29. "Ne'hu niseskwa'," waë'.
"Well, you used to," he said.

ne'hu -- thus, that (type of) thing
niseskwa' -- you used to eat that kind of thing
ni- Partitive prefix, -se- 2sA/X prefix, -k- eat something [Habitual Past].
waë' -- he said
wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the -h- of the MsA/Ë prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.

30. Ne' n-únë wai kúyô ne höwötiehahse wa'ákë' khu "Ëswánekeæ' ahsö' ha'kwistë' ëkí ëswák?"
Just then the waitress came and said, "Do you want anything else to eat or drink?"

ne' -- [sentential particle]
n-únë -- now
wai -- really, indeed
kúyô -- she arrived
ku- FsP/C prefix, -yö- arrive, get somewhere [Basic Stative].
ne höwötiehahse -- waitress
höwöti- Fs/Mp/C prefix, -ehas- serve food to someone [Basic Habitual].
wa'ákë' -- she said
wa'- Factual prefix, -ak- FsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual].
khu -- and
ëswánekeæ' -- you all will drink it
ë- Future prefix, -swá- 2pA/L prefix, -neke- drink something [Simple Future].
ahsö' -- something else???
ha'kwistë' -- something
ëkí -- or
ëswák -- you all will eat it
ë- Future prefix, -swa- 2pA/X prefix, -k- eat something [Simple Future].

31. "Kanö'ëëyëtánö' ne takææ'ëë'?" u'ki'.
"Do you have any chicken heads?" I said.

kanö'ëëyëtánö' -- there are heads
ka- NsA/C prefix, -nö'ë- head, -ë- Linker Vowel, -yëtánö- several things exist [Basic Stative].
ne takææ'ëë' -- chicken
u'ki' -- I said
u'- Factual prefix, -k- 1sA/I prefix, -i- say something [Simple Factual]

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